Irregular Future and Conditional Stems

Radicali irregolari nel futuro e nel condizionale

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Irregular Italian verbs have various levels of irregularity in their future and conditional stems.

1) Some just drop the final –e like regular verbs.

dare		dar-
dire		dir-
fare		far-
porre*		porr-
stare		star-
tradurre**		tradurr-

* And other verbs that end in –orre
** And other verbs that end in –urre

2) Some also elide the preceding vowel:

andare		andr-
avere		avr-
cadere		cadr-
dovere		dovr-
potere		potr-
sapere		sapr-
vedere		vedr-
vivere		vivr-

3) A few acquire a second r:

bere		berr-
rimanere		rimarr-
tenere		terr-
venire		verr-
volere		vorr-

4) And essere is in a class all by itself:

sar-

 Conseil concis

No matter the verb, whether regular, irregular, or stem-changing, the future / conditional stem always ends in -r.

 Related lessons

• Conditional mood
• Future tense
• Introduction to verbs

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