Essere - to be - Lawless Italian Verb


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Italian Verb to Be

Essere is one of two Italian verbs that can mean "to be."* It’s the most common verb in the Italian language, used to describe many aspects of being:

1) Names and professions

Sono Laura.		I’m Laura.
Quest'uomo è un medico.		This man is a doctor.

2) Nationality, origin

Sono tedesco.		I’m German.
Siete di Venezia?		Are you from Venice?

3) Relationships, ownership

È mio fratello.		He’s my brother.
Dov’é la tua macchina?		Where is your car?

4) Descriptions (physical, mental, material)

Sono alti.		They are tall.
Francesca è intelligente.		Francesca is smart.
Questo cuscino è di velluto.		This cushion is (made of) velvet.

5) Feelings

Siamo malati.		We’re sick.
Sei stanco?		Are you tired?

6) Time and date

Sono le 15:00.		It’s 3 pm.
È il 10 settembre.		It’s September 10.

7) "To exist"

Essere o non essere, questo è il dilemma.		To be or not to be, that is the question.
Non c’è dubbio.		There is (exists) no doubt.

8) Compound tenses

Essere is also used to form compound tenses – lesson coming soon.

Essere present tense conjugations

io	sono	noi	siamo
tu	sei	voi	siete
lui, lei	è	loro	sono

Note that the io and loro conjugations are identical. Since Italian is pro-drop, you have to rely on context to let you know who the subject is, but this is rarely a problem as it’s usually obvious. If you’re concerned that it’s not, you can use the subject pronoun to make sure there’s no confusion.

* The other is stare. We’ll compare the two in detail in a future lesson.